Business Environment and Internationalization

Questions: 1. Bharti airtels approach to internationalization differs from that of European MNEs in various aspects which include. 2. Bharti Airtels Model Uniqueness to Emerging MNEs. 3. Implications of Emerging Economy of MNEs for Globalization. Answers: 1. Bharti Airtel aquires both companies and resources across the globe. In the company's desire to expand globally, it acquired Zain Africa, one of the biggest telecommunication firms in Africa. This shows that the corporation values entrepreneurship in the sense that it identified a potential unexploited market in Africa (Dunning, 2000). Further, Bharti Aitel acquired Bangladesh Warid Telecom International in the Abu Dhabi. However, the European MNEs had heard of these companies and did not make an innovative step of venturing into the markets. Despite Bharti being Indias biggest telecom operator, its acquisition of resources and enterprises have made it command a large customer base in the world. The innovation and internationalization process of Bharti Airtel remain to be dynamic. The rate of innovation for Bharti Airtel has been determined by industrial, institutional, and firm level factors within the Indian telecom sector. In the European MNEs, the rate of US foreign RD is relatively small compared to Bharti Airtel. Bharti focuses most on the promotion of innovation activities by MNEs in the Indian market (Meiyer, 2008). The EU uses innovative systems to form a basis under which policy options and focus on new member states are analyzed, contrastingly, Bharti Airtel uses innovation and internationalization in the analysis of foreign direct investment and spillovers of the countries where it has diversified its activities. Bharti Airtels growth, development, and sustainability in the global market is widely remarkable. While the company outsources its operations to the Western multinationals, the European MNEs keep waiting for the diversification of activities by Bharti to their countries telecom sector (United Nations, 2008). Bharti has grown as the major player in the global telecom market, an aspect that creates an opportunity for Indian MNEs to expand globally faster than the European MNEs. Unlike the European MNEs, Bharti outsources part of its value chain some of them being IT to IBM and for Nokia, network equipment. Internationalization in the European MNEs creates an open business environment for businesses to operate. However, in India, where Bharti Airtel operates, there are various roadblocks when it comes to the investment climate. The rate of investment has been so refreshing in the EU region, unlike the downturns that face Bharti in its desire to expand operations in different countries (Grosse, 2005). This implies that there is weak domestic investment environment for Indian an aspect which affects the firm's decisions which cut across all its subsidiaries in the overseas. 2. Bharti Airtel operates uniquely in various aspects which differentiate it to other emerging MNEs in the world market. First and foremost, the company enjoys a significant international presence on its board, and this has been in effect since the year 1997. Economically, Bharti Airtel is stable and is rarely affected by the market variations. The management of all departments of the company have aspired to transform all the negatives to business opportunities, and this leaves the company operating in a unique nature (Dunning, 1993). In socio-economic terms, the firm uses standard rules of the game internationally. Bharti Airtel outsources its operations to Western multinationals. The outsourcing of activities to the European MNEs, the company has developed its business models and created new low cost models of doing telecom business. The company has a broad domain of knowledge and thus attracts more human capital (Forsgren, 2008). Bharti's ability to diversify and expand its activities globally enables the company to enjoy substantial economies of scale in the market. Further, due to the establishment of excellent norms when addressing customer needs, Bharti has gained a positive reputation from the customers both locally and internationally. Not only the proper establishment of business rules and the enjoyment of international reputation, but Bharti also uses simplified innovative models to facilitate its entire market expansion and growth (Grosse, 2005). The use of sophisticated technologies promotes innovation of new methods of business and thus diversifying market opportunities for the Bharti. Bharti has a comparative ownership advantage regarding value creation, institutional facilitation, active learning, and industrial factor endowment. This model gives the company a unique nature that enables the managers to integrate various operations in a realistic manner, and this results in profitability (Meiyer, 2008). The comparative advantage allows the firm meet the demands of the market. 3. Globalization establishes potential market opportunities and challenges for local enterprises in the emerging market economies to innovate and improve their competitiveness in the market. Rise in market opportunities With the emergence of economy MNEs, there are increased possibilities in the market for both the business and for people to grow exponentially too. The diversification of activities to the foreign multinationals creates opportunities for people to move abroad since employment opportunities are established (Meyer, 2004). People grow both economically and socially due to the growth in immigration level. Meeting the market demands Different customers have different tastes and preferences. While some people would prefer using Safaricom, other people would always prefer subscribing to the use of Airtel. For example, the decision of Bharti Airtel to expand its telecom venture activities in the African market has served a huge benefit in addressing consumer tastes and preferences (Meyer, 2004). The ability to make people subscribe to the mobile network of their choice enables the MNEs to meet higher market standards. Growth in the use of sophisticated technology and know how The rise of emerging economies such as Bharti Airtel creates new technological cultures in the telecom sector. Through technology, innovations in the industry are steered made the industry grow (Lebedev, 2015). Nowadays, there is a better understanding of the demands in the sector, and this leads to growth in globalization. The knowledge base of people has also grown to higher levels and thus affecting the industry positively Increase in competition levels The emergence of MNEs such as Bharti affects globalization in that it results in increased competition. The global competitiveness of the company is affected by the rise in new MNEs; this requires the management of the enterprise to employ viable strategies so as to maintain the competitive advantage of Airtel in the market. The services cost, target market, and technological adaptation bring about the source of competition (Ahmad, 2014). References Ahmad, S. Z. (2014). Partnering toward internationalization at four Arabian mobile telecom firms.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,33(6), 51-68. Dunning, J. (1993). Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Dunning, J. (2000). The electric paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activities. A summary of the OLI paradigm, 141-171. Forsgren, M. (2008). Theories of multinational enterprises and global economy. Grosse, R. (2005). International Business and Government Relations in the 21st century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lebedev, S., Peng, M. W., Xie, E., Stevens, C. E. (2015). Mergers and acquisitions in andout of emerging economies.Journal of World Business,50(4), 651-662. Meiyer, K. (2008). Multinational enterprises and host economies. Meyer, K. E. (2004). Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies.Journal of International Business Studies,35(4), 259-276. United Nations. (2009). World Investment Report. United Nations: New York and Geneva.

The Beauty of Lake McConaughy free essay sample

As I step out of the camper, my eyes have to adjust to the gleam of the water. It looks like it is going to be a good day. Lake Mcconaughy is full of days like this one. Not only is it an amazing vacation spot, but it is home away from home. Ever since I can remember, my family and friends have congregated to Lake Mcconaughy in the summers. It is located about ten miles from a little town named Ogallala, Nebraska. The town is also where my mom was raised and most of my family still lives. I guess you could say we have roots there. Now when people think of Nebraska, most think of flat, dry land.Maybe you could throw in a cow and some corn, too. Okay, there are some part like that, but most of it is beautiful. Just the drive to the lake has you looking out the side windows of your car. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beauty of Lake McConaughy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even to this day, I get on the edge of my seat in the car as the rolling sand hills pass by, waiting in anticipation to see the first glimpse of the lake. Then boom, there it is. This massive body of water has fun in the sun written all over. Then, there is the choice of where to camp. It all depends on if we want to be surrounded be our friends all the time or if it is a family vacation.It doesnt really matter because well spend countless hours cruising the water to every edge. Even more exciting is the first step out of the car. Your shoes are off even before you get out. As you step into the sand, you are in heaven. I swear this sand was imported from Hawaii because it is amazingly pure with almost a white color to it. This is only a taste of the playground. No one even cares about unpacking anything. Rather, clothes are shed as we all run to test how warm the water is. My first dive into the warm yet exhilarating water just washes away all my cares in the world.My biggest concern for the rest of the day is whether I want to go skiing, sunbathe, read a book, or set up camp. Maybe Ill do all of them. Maybe Ill do none of them. The sunset dictates when the transition from play time to the evening. Before anything happens, though, you are taken a breath by the colors in the sky. I have taken hundreds of picture to try and capture the sunsets here, but it never does the lake and sky justice. It is as if every hue of red and orange and pink and blue and white come together to form odd yet majestic shapes in the sky.Once you appreciate the sky for some of its beauty, it is on to supper. Actually, some people eat, some drink, and some are still dwindling in, not yet ready for the sun to be down, but on thing we all start to do it talk. The great thing about it is we discuss how many trucks got stuck or how many times someone fell off the pull toy, not when our taxes are due or what homework needs to be done. As stomachs get full and everyone finds their way to one spot on the shore, someone starts the fire. It is like the core of the whole day. Everyone gets their spot.As â€Å"mores start to assemble, so do the old stories of the lake, new jokes, and even the old ones. You can never plan on what is going to be said at the campfire. It is actually the best and cheapest therapy one could ask for. Now I have been to quite a few lakes before. None have been quite like this one. None have offered such generosity and familiarity as Lake Mcconaughy. While you are there, the important things in life seem to surface with the waves. The sense of community, enjoyment of yourself and others, and just pure fun make you yearn for the trip all year long.

rhetoric essay

rhetoric essay rhetoric essay Margaret Sanger gave her Children’s era speech in Newyork, Newyork on March 30, 1925 to a group at a birth control conference. She began a lifelong research in efforts to birth control. She was excited to share her research with the people. Her speech contains all three rhetoric forms but it mainly deals with logos and pathos. Her speech deals with the results of over population and the lack of options women are faced with such as birth control. She begins her speech talking about a garden and how much work and affection goes into taking care of a garden. The opening part of her speech about this garden deals with logos because she is talking about how to properly take care of your garden. â€Å"You have got to give your seeds a proper soil in which to grow.† It is an analogy going what should have been done and what has been done. Looking at something beautiful is fun but there comes all the responsibilities as well. The logic behind this message is she is opting women a way out of unplanned pregnancies. A way for women to not commit and over fill their plates. Trying to lower the population of children who women are are not ready for motherhood, Margaret takes action at the convention for birth control, where she gave her speech. Margaret then goes on saying there are seven conditions in which would make a mother unfit. The seven she describes are â€Å"transmissible disease, temporary disease, subnormal children a lready in the family, space out between births, twenty-three

11 Flexible Jobs for Working Parents

11 Flexible Jobs for Working Parents finally ready to go back to work after your maternity or paternity leave? need a bit of extra income to make ends meet? or maybe you just need some time spent with actual grown-ups. it can be really difficult to find work that matches your experience, pay needs, and schedule conflicts. here are 11 flexible jobs that shouldn’t be too far away from ideal for the working parent.1. school bus driverthis job still requires you to spend the vast majority of your time with children, but you’ll get a break between the morning and the afternoon runs. all you need is a valid driver’s license and your high school diploma. average annual pay: about $31k.2. web writerthis job can be as flexible as you want it to be, and the field is very broad. find a kind of writing you like that you’re good at- maybe an area where  you have some experience. or start a blog! you may need your bachelor’s degree, but you can easily use this job to channel your creative energy. average annual pay: about $47k.3. marketing assistantyou’ll probably need a bachelor’s degree for this, as well as fantastic project and deadline management skills, but you can harness all that pta and volunteer experience you’ve built up helping your kids’ school and start getting paid for coordinating events! average annual pay: almost $38k.4. call center repit’s not the most glamorous job in the world and some of your callers might be even needier than your kids, but you can sometimes work from home or set a flexible schedule that fits your family’s needs. average annual pay: over $28k.5. translator/interpreteryou’ll probably need a bachelor’s degree, plus superb communication skills- not just in english, but in multiple languages. but if this is your skill set, you can make your own hours and design a schedule that works best for you. average annual pay: $43-44k.6. personal trainerif you haven’t taken a break from th e gym the way you have from the workforce and you can pass the necessary licensing tests, then you can make a good amount of money helping other people to get fit. bonus: you’ll get or stay fit yourself. average annual pay: just under $53k.7. hairdresser/stylistyou’ve been cutting your kids’ hair, and you love chatting to people. add a high school diploma to this, and you’ve got yourself a pretty flexible gig. average annual pay: $23.6k.8. teacher’s aideyou love education and teaching kids, and you feel you’d work well in a classroom setting, but you don’t want the full time responsibility of being a teacher. you can help out in the classroom, implementing curriculum, helping kids one-on-one, and still not be the one who bears the entire weight of the responsibility. and you’ll be working when your kids are already in school! average annual pay: $20k.9. web designerif you have a great eye for design, and lots of experience with computers- possibly also programming languages and a bachelor’s degree, then you can make great money, set your own hours and projects, and do web design as your career. average annual pay: $62.8k.10. dietitianyou already put so much care into what your family eats (and you’ve done so much research), why not start making money spreading what you’ve learned? you might need a master’s degree for this, but you can choose the setting (educational, clinical, private, etc.) that you prefer to work in and usually set your own schedule. average annual pay: $53k.11. event plannerwith all the skills you have planning birthday parties and family cookouts, this is just the big league equivalent. you’ll probably need a bachelor’s degree, and good attention to both details and deadlines, but if that sort of high stakes (occasionally stressful) environment appeals to you, then you could work in event planning. average annual pay: $55k.

Team Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Development - Assignment Example ve communication in business depends on a feedback cycle, which encompasses listening to the message, speaking and confirming that whatever has been heard is what was intended to be passed across. Parties that get engaged in communication that is highly interactive often make use of the feedback cycle to reach decisions that are mutually beneficial (Yukl, 2010). When communication is carried out in the organization across different levels, the time frame, and type of the feedback cycle can influence the overall effectiveness of that organization. Leaders of a company who spend some time to pinpoint their most operational, organizational communication form often take lead in the most effective teams in the organization (Boynton & Fischer, 2005). In such manner, team players that acclimatize their styles of communication to align with those of their leaders usually achieve more than peers who have a disparity in modes of speaking and writing. Organizations that have been labeled to be the most effective usually manage to hit a balance between communication and action to prevent them from falling into a phenomenon known as ‘analysis paralysis.’ Communicator type of team players is basically process oriented. They are effective facilitators of conflict resolution, involvement, feedback, consensus building, and they are good listeners. They also help create an informal relaxed climate (Thompson, 2008). In many cases, communicators are â€Å"people person,† meaning he stands with the majority, and they sometimes see the process as the means to an end in itself. They avoid confronting other team members and may not even put a lot of emphasis on making advancement towards the objectives set by the team (Lencioni, 2002).. They are considerate, relaxed, supportive tactful and enthusiastic. Their positive attributes are that they have the voice of the majority. Because of their figure, they are better heard and listened to by people. They are also very enthusiastic

UNIT 3 DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNIT 3 DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example Many argue that doing investment on stock market exchange is a profitable business but only by organization that trade large volumes of securities such as banks, mutual funds, insurance companies, pension funds, college endowment funds, etc. can win. One must not finally close doors and make some consideration by taking risk-return evaluation. The relationship between risk and return is one of the essential concepts to understand when investing—and it is  unique for every investor. While some investors may be willing to withstand a higher level of market volatility, others prefer a more conservative approach.   What is crucial to understands is your risk profile and how  it translates into a disciplined approach to investing. Risk, generally equated with the potential of an investment to generate financial loss, is a point to consider when engaging investments. Return is the usual measure of performance. As investments that offer higher potential for total return generally carry a higher potential for risk, informed investors do not simply seek to maximize returns. Instead, they focus on risk-adjusted returns, that is, the potential  returns that correspond to the level of risk with which they are comfortable. Risk tolerance is highly individual, based on a mix of subjective traits and objective circumstances. Your personal risk tolerance can be influenced by current world events, your own investment experiences—even your inherited views on saving and investing. To help you make suitable investment decisions, it is important that you work with a financial advisor who understands your ability to tolerate risk as well as the factors that affect your decisions. A financial plan is a great starting point. Your financial advisor can work with you to create a ample plan that addresses your long-term goals, while keeping in mind your short-range

Unity of Virtues Essay Example for Free

Unity of Virtues Essay Virtue in its broad meaning is replicating God which is a perfect being but for a moral being it means the habit of being righteous. This also means that virtue is a collection of traits for a being to be morally good. When we consider all the virtues, we can consider how each virtue is related to other virtues. For example, being honest also have an impact on being truthful, trustworthy and other virtues. In this point of view, we can see that virtues are dependent of each other. . Circular unity of virtues is the relation of each virtue to one another and the union of a group of virtue for a human being to be considered good. If one virtue is done, another virtue is also affected. However, this is not applicable to all virtues. It is true that one virtue affects other virtues but not totally all because not all virtues have the same essence and limitations. A good example is that you may be honest but you can also lack generosity at the same time. There are other examples showing that virtues are grouped according to their essence, but cannot be grouped as a whole based on their essence. Circularity of virtues according to Aristotle is having virtues through our own experiences but all normal men tends to the basics of being good. He also stated that being good is dependent on the opinion of each person. Therefore the action of man also states his virtues. This just means that there is no true unity of virtues. We can have a particular virtue but for sure but we cannot have it all because we are just humans and humans are not perfect. We are enclosed to different reasons that unconsciously causes us not to do other virtues. These variables are culture, principle, and experiences. If the standard of being good is having all the virtues then no man is good because we are bounded by our different cultures, principles and experiences which is sometimes a hindrance to other virtues. It is true that there is no unity of virtues but having virtues connected to one another is already a standard to being good. Virtues tends to rely to one another. This just means that being helpful also connects to goodness, generosity and friendliness. You can easily see the relation of each virtue to one another because if you do one virtue it also part of the limitation of the other virtues. Circularity tells us that the virtues we have because of actions we do must not be judged because we all do with our own principles, instinct and knowledge. Virtues we acquire are just part of what we do. In that case to avoid circularity one must only judge in a way that it is meaningful. This also rises the need for moral responsibility which will give rise to molding of your character. Bibliography â€Å"The Ends of Thought. , 2009: Journeys to Philosophys Third Kingdom. † http://endsofthought. blogspot. com/2009/02/aristotle-on-virtue-question-about. html Blackwell Refrence Online. â€Å"The Unity of the Virtues, 2006. † http://www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode? id=g9781405115216_chunk_g978140511521625